Debussy’s Première rhapsodie for clarinet and orchestra was composed in 1909–1910 as a test piece for the annual clarinet competition at the Paris Conservatoire. Conceived initially for clarinet and piano, the work was orchestrated by Debussy himself in 1911, and has since become a cornerstone of the clarinet repertoire, admired for its subtlety, color, and expressive freedom.

The rhapsody unfolds in a single, continuous movement, its structure rhapsodic and improvisatory rather than strictly formal. Debussy exploits the full range and expressive possibilities of the clarinet, from velvety low notes to sparkling runs and trills in the upper register. The opening is dreamy and atmospheric, with the clarinet weaving a sinuous melody over shimmering orchestral textures. As the piece develops, the music becomes more animated and playful, with quicksilver changes of mood and tempo. The orchestration is characteristically refined, with delicate touches from harp, muted strings, and woodwinds creating a world of shimmering impressionist color.