Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky 
(1840-1893)

Violin Concerto in D Major, Op. 35
Composed 1878

In the tranquil setting of Clarens, Switzerland, during March 1878, Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky composed his only concerto for violin. This work would become one of the most beloved and challenging pieces in the violin repertoire. It emerged from a time of personal and emotional upheaval for Tchaikovsky, blending his profound musicality with his intense personal experiences.

The genesis of this concerto is intertwined with Tchaikovsky's complicated relationship with Iosif Kotek, a former student and close friend. Their time together in Switzerland, playing through various violin compositions, sparked the creation of the concerto. Tchaikovsky, recovering from a disastrous marriage and seeking solace, found in Kotek both a muse and a source of critical feedback. 

The concerto opens with a lush orchestral introduction, leading to the solo violin’s entrance with a melody that is both lyrical and emotionally charged. This theme, soon evolves into sections of increasing virtuosity, showcasing the violin’s range and the performer’s technical prowess.

The second movement, Canzonetta, offers a serene contrast with its simple, song-like melody. This movement, characterized by its sweet melancholy, serves as an emotional interlude before the dynamic finale. Initially, Tchaikovsky had written a different slow movement, but upon Kotek's suggestion, he replaced it with the now-beloved Canzonetta.

The final movement bursts forth with the energy and spirit of Russian folk music. The solo violin drives the movement forward with lively, dance-like themes and complex passages. This movement encapsulates Tchaikovsky’s ability to combine lyrical beauty with rhythmic vitality and technical brilliance.

Despite its eventual acclaim, the concerto faced initial resistance. Tchaikovsky intended to dedicate it to Kotek but, fearing gossip, chose the renowned violinist Leopold Auer instead. Auer, however, deemed the concerto unplayable. The piece did not receive its premiere until 1881, performed by Adolph Brodsky in Vienna. Although the premiere was met with mixed reviews, including some harsh criticism, the concerto quickly gained popularity.

Today, Tchaikovsky’s Violin Concerto is celebrated for its emotional depth, lyrical melodies, and technical demands. It stands as a testament to Tchaikovsky’s genius and his ability to transform personal turmoil into a work of profound beauty and enduring appeal.

Instrumentation – two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, four horns, two trumpets, timpani, strings, and solo violin

Duration – 33 minutes

~ Kenneth Bean
Georg and Joyce Albers-Schonberg Assistant Conductor
Princeton Symphony Orchestra